Some info here :
https://www.outdoorgearcoach.co.uk/blog ... mat-story/That I in "I invented" is Mike Parsons.
On another site I found the comment that it was "pressure-blown" foam , however according to Mike he cut those mats from (I suppose) foam blocks.
OK, I found more info from Mike Parsons :
I invented the Karrimat in 1968 using Plastazone and shortly thereafter with Evazote which was produced in yellow (specifically and exclusively at that time) for me at Karrimor; Karrimat is now a generic term for closed cell mats in several Euro countries but was the reg;d T M of Karrimor in the UK of which I was then part owner and the key designer.
1968 was very shortly after the invention of the material, in UK which to my knowledge is still the only place where its made. Although the unique mfg process is lengthy and more expensive than other foams made by extrusion processes, zote foams have maintained their position because of higher performance.
Plastazote is polyethylene (or polypropylene?) and has less rebound than Evazote which has vinyl added to the long polymer chain.
Evazote has better compression recovery, tear resistance and ( subjectively) feels slightly warmer because your body sinks into it ever so slightly. Both are available in a range of different densities, Karrimat ( from memory) was always 45kgs.
The original process for making these closed cell foams was ( and probably still is) a lengthy, ie more costly batch process like making a loaf of bread. The rectangular hard plastic pieces were placed in a pressure chamber and Nitrogen pushed into it in gaseous form, after that the 'bun' was then placed in an oven and the gas emerged as distinct unconnected bubbles ( hence 'closed cell')
This bun was around 30mm thick and had a skin around it and was then sliced into different thicknesses, leaving the outer surface cells open, which cld be sealed if necessary.
Hope this adds slightly to the understanding, however I cannot at this precise time talk definitively about comparative R values but in due course will do so within the new book a team of 7 are working on, (6 in UK one in USA)
"keeping dry, Staying warm; through all activities over 7 continents"
http://www.outdoorgearcoach.co.uk/